Essays on How People Voted in the Past & Present

Voting Secrecy

Secrecy in Voting Today

Secrecy in Voting Today? Not so secret? Read essay (PDF) >

Secrecy in Voting Historically

Secrecy in Voting in American History: No Secrets There Read essay (PDF) >

​Before the Secret Ballot

How America Voted: By Voice

How America Voted: By Voice Read essay (PDF) >

How the Other Half (plus) Voted: The Party Ticket States

How the Other Half (plus) Voted: The Party Ticket States Read essay (PDF) >

Vote Buying in Nineteenth Century US Elections

Vote Buying in Nineteenth Century US Elections Read essay (PDF) >

In Practice How Different Were Ticket and Viva Voce Elections?

In Practice How Different Were Ticket and Viva Voce Elections? Read essay (PDF) >

Elections and Turnout

The Election of May 26, 1859 in Alexandria, Virginia

The Election of May 26, 1859 in Alexandria, Virginia Read essay (PDF) >

Turnout in the Election of May 26, 1859 in Alexandria

Turnout in the Election of May 26, 1859 in Alexandria Read essay (PDF) >

The Election of May 26, 1859 in Alexandria, Virginia

The Election of March 2, 1874 in Newport, Kentucky Read essay (PDF) >

Turnout in Newport, Kentucky

Turnout in Newport, Kentucky Read essay (PDF) >